Abdominopelvic neurogenic tumors: case series and literature review

Fernando I. Vivanco-Concha, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
Jaime A. Zapata-Mercado, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
Marcelo I. Arias-Valenzuela, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
Nicolás G. Molina-Vásquez, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
Giancarlo Schiappacasse-Faundes, Departamento de Imágenes Abdominales, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile

Neurogenic tumors of the abdomen and pelvis are rare neoplasms originating from nervous system cells, often located in the retroperitoneum, along the sympathetic plexus, in the adrenal glands, or in the pelvic region. They are classified into three main types based on their cellular origin: sympathetic ganglionic, paraganglionic, and nerve sheath tumors. Although they are typically found incidentally in imaging studies, radiology plays a key role in diagnosis and management. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most useful modality due to its high contrast resolution, allowing precise delineation of tumor margins and evaluation of adjacent tissue involvement. Computed tomography and positron emission tomography are valuable for assessing tumor extent and potential metastasis, particularly in cases of suspected malignancy. While definitive diagnosis requires histopathological analysis, proper clinical-imaging correlation improves diagnostic accuracy. Radiological follow-up is essential for detecting recurrences and optimizing therapeutic management, enhancing clinical outcomes and reducing recurrence rates.

Keywords: Paraganglioma. Ganglioneuroma. Neuroblastoma. Schwannoma. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.